Overview of Tajikistan

Profile

Tajikistan is a Persian-speaking nation that gained independence from the former Soviet Union, with a history where numerous civilizations intersected as a key point on the ancient Silk Road. Abundant water resources and hydroelectric power utilizing steep valleys form economic backbone, with aluminum refining, cotton cultivation, and remittances from overseas workers as main revenue sources. While capital Dushanbe modernizes, traditional village culture remains in rural areas, retaining nostalgic oasis city character.

Official name: Republic of Tajikistan
Common name: Tajikistan
Numeric code: 762
Alpha-3 code: TJK
Alpha-2 code: TJ
Population: Approximately 10 million (2023)
Population density: Approximately 70 persons/km2
Primary languages: Tajik, Russian (common language)
Major religions: Islam (predominantly Sunni, with Ismaili minority)
National anthem: Surudi Milli (Hymn to the Motherland)
Calling code: +992
Internet TLD: .tj

History

Gained independence following 1991 Soviet collapse. Peace established after 1992-1997 civil war.

Ancient rule by Iranian dynasties like Achaemenid and Samanid, maintained unique Persian culture after Islamization while intersecting with Turkic forces. Annexed by Russian Empire in late 19th century, became Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic in 1929, and gained independence as republic on September 9, 1991. Power struggle immediately after independence developed into civil war, but full ceasefire achieved in 1997 through UN mediation. Since then entered long-term presidency of Emomali Rahmon, with security and economic recovery progressing.

Geography & climate

Most of territory occupied by Pamir, Fann, and Alai mountain ranges with deep gorges and alpine lakes scattered. Western region has fertile plains of cotton-growing area.

Continental arid and alpine climate mixed

Area: Asia / 143100 km²
Capital: Dushanbe
Largest city: Dushanbe
Coastal status: No
Major lakes: Karakul Lake, Iskanderkul Lake, Nurek Reservoir
Bordering countries: Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, People's Republic of China

Natural resources

Hydropower, Alumina, Gold, Silver, Antimony, Coal, Lead-zinc ore, Uranium ore, Rock salt, Marble, Crystal, Gemstones, Cotton, Herbs

Politics

Government: Presidential republic

Economy

Currency: Tajikistani Somoni (TJS)

GDP (nominal): 11.4 billion USD (2023)

GDP (PPP): 48 billion USD (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Tajik, Russian (common language)

Time zone: Tajikistan Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Tajiks, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Russians, Pamiri peoples, Tatars

Life expectancy

Approximately 71.4 years (2022)

Literacy rate

99.7%

National sports

Football, Buzkashi, Freestyle wrestling, Judo, Volleyball