Overview of Solomon Islands

Profile

The Solomon Islands consist of volcanic islands and coral atolls stretching east of New Guinea, with rich tropical rainforests and some of the world's finest lagoons. Since independence from Britain in 1978, parliamentary democracy coexists with tribal society, preserving diverse languages and cultures. The economy is built on timber, fishing, and mining, with high potential for diving and ecotourism. However, challenges include climate change, deforestation, and political fragmentation. The capital Honiara is located on Guadalcanal Island, a vibrant city where war relics and modern commercial facilities coexist.

Official name: Solomon Islands
Common name: Solomon Islands
Numeric code: 090
Alpha-3 code: SLB
Alpha-2 code: SB
Population: Approximately 730,000 (2023)
Population density: Approximately 23 people/km2
Primary languages: English, Solomon Islands Pijin, Over 120 indigenous languages
Major religions: Christianity
National anthem: God Save Our Solomon Islands
Calling code: +677
Internet TLD: .sb

History

Long inhabited by Melanesians, the islands were visited by Spanish explorers in 1568 seeking 'Solomon's gold.' After independence, nation-building has progressed amid tribal conflicts and international assistance.

In 1893, the islands became a British protectorate and copra trade began. In 1942, Guadalcanal witnessed fierce battles between Japanese and American forces, leaving many sunken ships and unexploded ordnance. Self-government was established in 1976, with full independence on July 7, 1978. From 1998 onward, conflicts between Guadalcanal and Malaita escalated into civil unrest, and in 2003, the Australian-led RAMSI mission supported security restoration. In 2019, the nation switched diplomatic ties from Taiwan to China, accelerating infrastructure development while becoming a frontline in great power competition.

Geography & climate

Volcanic mountainous islands and coral atolls stretch in a chain, with dense tropical rainforest extending to the coast.

Tropical rainforest climate (Af)

Area: Oceania / 28896 km²
Capital: Honiara
Largest city: Honiara
Coastal status: Yes
Major lakes: Lake Tegano (East Rennell)

Natural resources

Tropical timber, Tuna and bonito resources, Gold deposits, Bauxite, Phosphate, Nickel, Manganese nodules, Freshwater, Fertile volcanic soil, Hydroelectric energy

Politics

Government: Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy (Commonwealth realm)

Economy

Currency: Solomon Islands Dollar (SBD)

GDP (nominal): 1.62 billion USD (2022)

GDP (PPP): 2.08 billion international dollars (2022)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: English, Solomon Islands Pijin, Over 120 indigenous languages

Time zone: Solomon Islands Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Europeans, Chinese

Life expectancy

Approximately 74 years

Literacy rate

84%

National sports

Soccer, Futsal, Rugby League, Basketball, Canoe Racing, Beach Cricket