Overview of Réunion Island

Profile

It boasts dramatic terrain featuring Piton des Neiges and the active volcano Piton de la Fournaise, with diverse ecosystems ranging from subtropical to alpine climates. Agriculture such as sugarcane, vanilla, and Bourbon coffee, along with mountain and coastal tourism, drive the economy. The culture is a vibrant Creole blend of French, African, Indian, and Chinese influences, reflected in food and festivals. The EU currency euro is used, infrastructure matches mainland standards, but high unemployment remains a challenge.

Official name: Department and Region of Réunion (French Republic)
Common name: Réunion Island
Numeric code: 638
Alpha-3 code: REU
Alpha-2 code: RE
Population: Approximately 870,000 (2024)
Population density: Approximately 340 people/km²
Primary languages: French, Réunion Creole
Major religions: Christianity (Catholic), Hinduism, Islam
National anthem: La Marseillaise
Calling code: +262
Internet TLD: .re

History

Since French colonization began in the 17th century, it prospered through sugarcane cultivation and the slave trade, becoming an overseas department in 1946.

After Portuguese explorers arrived in the 1500s, France claimed sovereignty in the 1640s. The island underwent several name changes, including Bourbon, before settling on Réunion after the revolution. Slaves from Africa and indentured laborers from India were brought in to support the sugarcane economy, forming a Creole society. Key milestones include abolition of slavery in 1848, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 altering trade routes, and post-WWII overseas department status, bringing it under EU law as part of France.

Geography & climate

The island's central area features the highest peak surrounded by three major cirques, with lava plains from the active volcano flowing into the sea to the southeast. The west coast has white sand and calm coral reef waters, while the east coast has cliffs, waterfalls, and lush green scenery.

Tropical humid, but varies from mountain subtropical to temperate by elevation

Area: Africa / 2512 km²
Capital: Saint-Denis
Largest city: Saint-Denis
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Fertile Volcanic Soil, Sugarcane Fields, Abundant Rainfall, Ocean Thermal Energy, Basalt Stone, Tropical Fruit Trees, Vanilla Orchards, Nearshore Fishing Grounds for Prawn and Tuna, Herbs and Essential Oil Plants, Geothermal Potential

Politics

Government: Local government as an overseas department and region under the French Fifth Republic

Economy

Currency: Euro (EUR)

GDP (nominal): Approximately 23 billion US dollars (2019)

GDP (PPP): Approximately 21 billion international dollars (2019)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: French, Réunion Creole

Time zone: Réunion Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Creole, Indian, Malagasy, White French, Chinese

Life expectancy

Approximately 79 years

Literacy rate

Approximately 95%

National sports

Soccer, Rugby, Trail Running, Volleyball, Sailing, Canoe/Kayak