Overview of Oman

Profile

Located at strategic crossroads connecting Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, has strategic position managing part of Strait of Hormuz. Capital Muscat and coastal areas dotted with good ports, historically developed as trading post for spices and frankincense. Oil and natural gas still economic pillars, but progressing industrial diversification toward tourism, logistics, and renewable energy. Townscape features white low-rise architecture as basic, characterized by calm atmosphere harmonizing tradition and modernization.

Official name: Sultanate of Oman
Common name: Oman
Numeric code: 512
Alpha-3 code: OMN
Alpha-2 code: OM
Population: Approximately 5.1 million (2023)
Population density: 17 people/km²
Primary languages: Arabic
Major religions: Islam (Ibadi majority)
National anthem: As-Salām as-Sult ānī (Sultan's Anthem)
Calling code: +968
Internet TLD: .om

History

After expelling Portugal and gaining independence in 17th century, prospered as maritime empire including Zanzibar in 19th century, accelerating modernization since 1970 Renaissance.

Known since ancient times for copper and frankincense trade, Ya'ariba dynasty expelled Portuguese forces in 1650 to restore independence. Under 18th-19th century Busaid dynasty, merchant fleet traveled throughout Indian Ocean region, extending influence to East Africa. Later stagnated under British protection, but Sultan Qaboos ascended throne in 1970 promoting modernization called 'Renaissance.' Developed education, healthcare, and infrastructure, with Sultan Haitham continuing reform path since 2020.

Geography & climate

Al Hajar Mountains running through north divide coastal plain and inland plateau, central area spreads vast sand and gravel desert. Southern Dhofar characterized by hillside areas greening with monsoon winds.

Arid zone (desert climate) but southern Dhofar is summer monsoon steppe climate

Area: Asia / 309500 km²
Capital: Muscat
Largest city: Muscat
Coastal status: Yes
Bordering countries: United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Yemen

Natural resources

Petroleum, Natural gas, Chromium, Copper, Limestone, Marble, Gypsum, Gold, Silver, Groundwater, Strong solar radiation

Politics

Government: Hereditary absolute monarchy with Sultan as head of state

Economy

Currency: Omani Rial (OMR)

GDP (nominal): 95.3 billion USD (2023)

GDP (PPP): 209 billion USD (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Arabic

Time zone: Gulf Standard Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Arabs, Baloch, Afro-Omanis, South Asians, Persians, Zibt tribe, Shahara tribe

Life expectancy

74.2 years

Literacy rate

97.3%

National sports

Football, Cricket, Camel racing, Shooting sports, Sailing, Horse riding