Overview of Nigeria

Profile

A major West African nation rich in petroleum resources and diverse ethnic cultures. Comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, English is the official language, but over 500 languages are spoken. The geography ranges from semi-arid Sahel in the north to tropical rainforest and delta regions in the south, with abundant biodiversity. Since 1999, civilian government has continued, and Nigeria plays a leadership role in international organizations such as the African Union and OPEC.

Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria
Common name: Nigeria
Numeric code: 566
Alpha-3 code: NGA
Alpha-2 code: NG
Population: Approximately 223 million (2024)
Population density: Approximately 240 people/km²
Primary languages: English
Major religions: Islam, Christianity, Traditional religions
National anthem: Arise, O Compatriots
Calling code: +234
Internet TLD: .ng

History

Gained independence from Britain in 1960, and after experiencing coups and civil war, transitioned to stable democracy in 1999.

Ancient Nok culture, the Ife Kingdom, and Hausa city-states flourished before British colonization in the late 19th century. After independence in 1960, Nigeria experienced the Biafra War (1967-70). Following alternations between military and civilian rule, the Fourth Republic was established in 1999, with peaceful electoral transitions gradually taking root.

Geography & climate

The south features humid deltas and tropical rainforests, the central region has rolling highlands and savanna, and the north transitions into arid Sahel, showcasing diverse terrain.

Tropical monsoon and savanna climate transitioning to semi-arid in the north

Area: Africa / 923768 km²
Capital: Abuja
Largest city: Lagos
Coastal status: Yes
Major lakes: Lake Chad, Kainji Lake
Bordering countries: Benin, Niger, Chad, Cameroon

Natural resources

Petroleum, Natural gas, Limestone, Iron ore, Niobium, Tin, Coal, Gold, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Uranium, Abundant arable land, Timber, Fishery resources

Politics

Government: Presidential federal republic

Economy

Currency: Naira (NGN)

GDP (nominal): 477 billion USD (2023)

GDP (PPP): 1,150 billion USD (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: English

Time zone: West Africa Time (WAT)

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Ijaw, Fulani, Kanuri, Tiv, Urhobo, Ibibio, Edo

Life expectancy

53

Literacy rate

62

National sports

Football (Soccer), Wrestling, Basketball, Track and Field, Weightlifting, Dambe (traditional martial art)