Overview of Liechtenstein

Profile

A constitutional monarchy covering approximately 160 km² with a population of nearly 40,000, entirely situated in the Alps as a doubly landlocked country. Financial services, precision industry, and tourism are main industries, with per capita GDP among the world''s highest. It has a customs and currency union with Switzerland, maintains no military, and upholds perpetual neutrality. The Prince (Fürst) holds strong authority as head of state, with a stable political system combining direct democracy.

Official name: Principality of Liechtenstein
Common name: Liechtenstein
Numeric code: 438
Alpha-3 code: LIE
Alpha-2 code: LI
Population: About 40,000 (2024)
Population density: About 250 people/km²
Primary languages: German
Major religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant
National anthem: Oben am jungen Rhein (High on the Young Rhine)
Calling code: +423
Internet TLD: .li

History

Recognized as a principality by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1719, became independent after the empire''s 1806 dissolution. Abolished military in 1868, declared perpetual neutrality. Joined UN in 1990.

The House of Liechtenstein expanded power centered on Austria, purchasing current territory in 1699 and 1712. Became a principality in 1719 and maintained independence after the Napoleonic Wars. Post-WWI, stabilized economy through customs union with Switzerland. During WWII, maintained neutrality and actively participated in international organizations post-war. While the 2003 constitutional amendment strengthened monarchical powers, it developed a voting system for citizens.

Geography & climate

Steep, varied terrain created by Rhine River valley on west and Alpine range on east. Highest point is Grauspitz Mountain (2,599m).

Temperate mountain climate

Area: Europe / 160 km²
Capital: Vaduz
Largest city: Schaan
Coastal status: No
Bordering countries: Switzerland, Austria

Natural resources

Hydropower, Forests, Stone materials, Pastures, Clean water sources, Tourism resources, Renewable energy potential

Politics

Government: Constitutional monarchy (Principality) / Parliamentary cabinet system

Economy

Currency: Swiss Franc (CHF)

GDP (nominal): 7.9 billion dollars (2023)

GDP (PPP): 10.3 billion international dollars (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: German

Time zone: Central European Time, Central European Summer Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Alemannic Liechtensteiners, Swiss, Germans, Italians, Turks

Life expectancy

82.5 years

Literacy rate

100%

National sports

Football, Alpine skiing, Badminton, Hiking, Mountain biking