Overview of Kuwait

Profile

Kuwait is a small nation facing the northwestern Persian Gulf, yet holds some of the world's largest proven oil reserves, making it a major energy power. It operates as a constitutional monarchy (emirate) under the long-ruling Al-Sabah family. The capital, Kuwait City, showcases a blend of modern skyscrapers and traditional souks, offering a unique Gulf contrast. Education, healthcare, and social services are provided nearly free of charge to citizens, and there is no income tax. Beyond petroleum, Kuwait is actively pursuing economic diversification and cultural development, with recent expansions of large shopping malls and cultural facilities.

Official name: State of Kuwait
Common name: Kuwait
Numeric code: 414
Alpha-3 code: KWT
Alpha-2 code: KW
Population: Approximately 4.5 million (2023)
Population density: Approximately 250 people/km²
Primary languages: Arabic
Major religions: Islam (Sunni and Shia)
National anthem: Al-Nasheed Al-Watani (National Anthem of Kuwait)
Calling code: +965
Internet TLD: .kw

History

Beginning with Al-Sabah family rule in 1756, Kuwait gained independence from British protection in 1961, endured the 1990 Iraqi invasion and Gulf War, and continues to the present.

The Al-Sabah family began its rule in the 18th century, and Kuwait signed a protection agreement with Britain in the late 19th century. After gaining independence in 1961, Iraq asserted territorial claims, leading to ongoing tensions. In August 1990, Iraqi forces invaded and temporarily annexed Kuwait, but the country was liberated in 1991 through the Gulf War multinational coalition. Post-war, Kuwait rapidly restored oil fields and domestic infrastructure, establishing a welfare state model. Women's suffrage was granted in 2005, and the country continues to advance parliamentary governance and limited liberalization.

Geography & climate

The majority of the land is flat desert plain, with tidal flats and salt marshes scattered along the coast.

Desert climate (BWh)

Area: Asia / 17818 km²
Capital: Kuwait City
Largest city: Kuwait City
Coastal status: Yes
Bordering countries: Iraq, Saudi Arabia

Natural resources

Petroleum, Natural gas, Limestone, Underground aquifers, Solar energy potential

Politics

Government: Constitutional Monarchy (Emirate)

Economy

Currency: Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD)

GDP (nominal): 183.6 billion USD (2023)

GDP (PPP): 255.3 billion USD (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Arabic

Time zone: Arabia Standard Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Kuwaitis (Arab), Egyptian, Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Iranian, Filipino, Bedoon (stateless Arabs)

Life expectancy

76.9 years

Literacy rate

96.0%

National sports

Soccer, Cricket, Futsal, Shooting sports, Horse riding, Sailing, Kabaddi