Overview of Jamaica

Profile

Jamaica is Caribbean island with particularly diverse culture, fusing African, European, Asian, and indigenous Taino cultures creating unique national character. Blessed with tropical climate, coral reefs, beautiful beaches, and Blue Mountain range providing rich nature; tourism, bauxite mining, and agricultural products form economic pillars. Musically influencing world with reggae, ska, and dancehall; renowned as sprint athletics powerhouse represented by Usain Bolt.

Official name: Jamaica
Common name: Jamaica
Numeric code: 388
Alpha-3 code: JAM
Alpha-2 code: JM
Population: Approx. 3 million (2023)
Population density: Approx. 270 people/km2
Primary languages: English, Jamaican Patois (Creole)
Major religions: Protestant, Roman Catholic, Rastafari, None
National anthem: Jamaica, Land We Love
Calling code: +1-876
Internet TLD: .jm

History

Through Spanish and British colonial periods to independence in 1962; constitutional monarchy within Commonwealth realm with monarch as head of state.

After Columbus's 1494 arrival became Spanish territory, introducing African slaves for sugarcane plantations. British occupation 1655; 18th century saw continued resistance including Maroon Wars. Post-1838 slavery abolition, sugar and bauxite mining drove economy. Early 20th century labor movements intensified, joining West Indies Federation 1958 before independence August 6, 1962. Currently maintains parliamentary democracy and Commonwealth framework while discussing republican transition.

Geography & climate

70% of island occupied by limestone plateau, Blue Mountain range running east-west through center. Coast features coral reefs and white sand beaches, south has dry plains, north dense tropical rainforest.

Tropical maritime climate

Area: North America (Caribbean) / 10991 km²
Capital: Kingston
Largest city: Kingston
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Bauxite, Limestone, Gypsum, Alumina, Potash salt, Broadleaf forest, Ornamental coral reefs, Groundwater resources, Fishery resources (lobster), Tourism resources including hot springs and beaches

Politics

Government: Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary cabinet system

Economy

Currency: Jamaican Dollar (JMD)

GDP (nominal): 17.6 billion US Dollar (2022)

GDP (PPP): 33.1 billion US Dollar (2022)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: English, Jamaican Patois (Creole)

Time zone: Jamaica Standard Time (Eastern Standard Time)

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Afro-Jamaican, Mulatto (mixed), Indian descent, Chinese descent, White, Indigenous Taino descendants

Life expectancy

74.4 years

Literacy rate

88.7%

National sports

Cricket, Sprint athletics, Soccer, Netball, Basketball, Boxing