Overview of Falklands

Profile

The Falkland (Malvinas) Islands consist of two main islands (East and West) plus over 700 smaller islands, with total area of approximately 12,000 km². Despite a population of only a few thousand, they possess high autonomy and parliamentary democracy. The capital Stanley houses government agencies and port facilities, with wild penguins and seals inhabiting the surroundings. The economy centers on squid fishing, wool, and tourism, with recent attention on offshore oil exploration. Characterized by barren landscapes and strong winds, the islands are popular with birdwatchers and adventure travelers.

Official name: Falkland Islands
Common name: Falklands
Numeric code: 238
Alpha-3 code: FLK
Alpha-2 code: FK
Population: Approximately 3,700 (2022)
Population density: Approximately 0.3 per km²
Primary languages: English
Major religions: Church of England, Other Protestant denominations
National anthem: God Save the King (Regional song: Song of the Falklands)
Calling code: +500
Internet TLD: .fk

History

Britain re-established sovereignty in 1833 and continues to present, though Argentina also claims sovereignty, leading to the 1982 Falklands War.

European explorers landed successively from the 16th century, with France, Spain, and Britain establishing settlements in the 18th century. Buenos Aires authorities declared sovereignty in early 19th century, but British warships bloodlessly occupied in 1833, making it a British colony. Served as supply base during WWI and WWII. In 1982, Argentine forces occupied the islands, leading to combat with British forces (Falklands War); Britain recaptured within two months. 2013 referendum showed overwhelming support for remaining British territory, but sovereignty dispute remains unresolved.

Geography & climate

Low rolling tundra-like hills and torrent rock peaks with complex coastline forming intricate cove and kiln-like fjord terrain

Subantarctic oceanic climate

Area: South America / 12173 km²
Capital: Stanley
Largest city: Stanley
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Squid fishing grounds, Wool, Oil fields (including undeveloped), Limestone, Torrent stone, Tourism resources, Whale migration waters, Freshwater wetlands, Peat, Renewable wind power

Politics

Government: British Overseas Territory with self-governing parliament under parliamentary democracy

Economy

Currency: Falkland Islands pound (FKP)

GDP (nominal): 0.26 billion USD (2018)

GDP (PPP): 0.33 billion USD (2018)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: English

Time zone: Falkland Islands Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Falkland Islands British, UK mainland-born, Saint Helenian, Chilean, Argentine

Life expectancy

79.6 years

Literacy rate

99%

National sports

Football, Cricket, Rugby, Horse racing, Outdoor shooting, Indoor bowls