Overview of Cyprus

Profile

Cyprus is a republic established on the third-largest island in the Mediterranean after Sicily and Sardinia. Since ancient times, it has flourished through copper production and trade intermediation, with rule passing through Greek, Roman, Crusader, Ottoman, and British powers. After independence in 1960, a Greek Cypriot coup in 1974 and subsequent Turkish military intervention led to the island''s division. The southern Republic of Cyprus is internationally recognized and part of the EU and Eurozone, while the north is controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey. The mild climate, rich historical heritage, and crystal-clear coastlines serve as tourism resources, and it is also known as a financial and shipping registry hub.

Official name: Republic of Cyprus
Common name: Cyprus
Numeric code: 196
Alpha-3 code: CYP
Alpha-2 code: CY
Population: 1.24 million (2023)
Population density: Approximately 130 people/km2
Primary languages: Greek, Turkish
Major religions: Church of Cyprus (Orthodox), Islam
National anthem: Hymn to Liberty (Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν)
Calling code: +357
Internet TLD: .cy

History

Flourished since ancient times through copper and trade; ruled by numerous great powers before independence in 1960. Divided north-south since 1974.

Natural copper was mined since the Bronze Age, and the island name became the etymology for the Latin word for copper (cuprum). After Hittite, Assyrian, and Persian rule, it prospered under the Ptolemaic dynasty following Alexander the Great. Sovereignty transitioned through Rome, Byzantine Empire, Crusader states, Venice, and the Ottoman Empire, becoming British Cyprus after the 1878 Congress of Berlin. After World War II, the Enosis movement intensified, leading to independence in 1960. Due to Greek-Turkish conflicts, Turkish forces occupied the north in 1974, effectively dividing the island. UN-led reunification negotiations continue.

Geography & climate

Varied island landscape with Kyrenia limestone range in the north, Mesaoria plain in center, and igneous Troodos Mountains in the south

Typical Mediterranean climate (warm dry summers and mild wet winters)

Area: Europe / 9251 km²
Capital: Nicosia
Largest city: Nicosia
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Copper, Gypsum, Marble, Sea salt, Clay, Natural gas, Olives, Citrus fruits, Grapes, Tourism resources, Solar radiation (for solar power)

Politics

Government: Presidential republic (unicameral parliament)

Economy

Currency: Euro (EUR)

GDP (nominal): 30.3 billion dollars (2023)

GDP (PPP): 42.6 billion dollars (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Greek, Turkish

Time zone: Eastern European Time, Eastern European Summer Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Greek Cypriots, Turkish Cypriots, Maronites, Armenians, Latin, British residents

Life expectancy

82.4 years

Literacy rate

99.1%

National sports

Football, Basketball, Shooting, Tennis, Rugby