Overview of Cuba

Profile

Located at a strategic position in the West Indies, known for rich music, dance, and cigar culture. Since the 1959 revolution, it has maintained a socialist system characterized by free education and healthcare, advanced sports science. Agriculture represented by sugarcane and cigars, nickel mining, pharmaceutical development, and tourism support the economy. It boasts high literacy rates and life expectancy, serving as a hub for culture, healthcare, and diplomacy in the Caribbean region.

Official name: Republic of Cuba
Common name: Cuba
Numeric code: 192
Alpha-3 code: CUB
Alpha-2 code: CU
Population: Approximately 11.2 million (2023)
Population density: approximately 102 people/km²
Primary languages: Spanish
Major religions: Catholicism, Non-religious, Protestantism, Santería
National anthem: La Bayamesa (The Bayamo Song)
Calling code: +53
Internet TLD: .cu

History

Gained independence from Spanish colony in 1902, transformed into socialist state through 1959 revolution.

After Columbus's arrival in 1492, it spent over 400 years as a Spanish colony. Following the Spanish-American War of 1898, it became a republic in 1902 but remained under strong US influence. The Cuban Revolution beginning with the 1953 Moncada Barracks attack succeeded in 1959, establishing a socialist government led by Fidel Castro. While Cold War tensions with the US intensified, it promoted social policies centered on healthcare and education with Soviet support. After the Soviet collapse, it rebuilt the economy through tourism and foreign investment, restored diplomatic relations with the US in 2015, though sanctions persist.

Geography & climate

Long east-west island, mostly low plains and hills, Sierra Maestra mountain range in southeast. Coastline features bays and developed mangroves, abundant coral reefs.

Tropical savanna climate (distinct dry and rainy seasons)

Area: North America (Caribbean) / 109884 km²
Capital: Havana
Largest city: Havana
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Chromium, Petroleum, Manganese, Limestone, Timber, Fishery resources, Fertile red soil

Politics

Government: Socialist republic (one-party system)

Economy

Currency: Cuban Peso (CUP)

GDP (nominal): 109 billion US dollars (2022)

GDP (PPP): 190 billion international dollars (2022)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Spanish

Time zone: Cuba Standard Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Spanish descent, Mulatto, African descent, Chinese descent, Other European descent

Life expectancy

Approximately 78.9 years

Literacy rate

99.8%

National sports

Baseball, Boxing, Volleyball, Judo, Wrestling, Athletics