Overview of Costa Rica

Profile

Globally recognized as an environmental leader with approximately 25% of its territory designated as national parks or protected areas. After abolishing its standing army following a 1948 civil war and redirecting budgets toward education and healthcare, the country achieved high literacy rates and life expectancy within the region. While bananas and coffee once dominated the economy, it has diversified into high-tech industries and ecotourism. Notable for political stability and active peace diplomacy, having produced a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

Official name: Republic of Costa Rica
Common name: Costa Rica
Numeric code: 188
Alpha-3 code: CRI
Alpha-2 code: CR
Population: Approximately 5.1 million (2023)
Population density: 100 people/km2
Primary languages: Spanish
Major religions: Christianity (Roman Catholic)
National anthem: Himno Nacional de Costa Rica (National Anthem of Costa Rica)
Calling code: +506
Internet TLD: .cr

History

Gained independence from Spain in 1821, abolished standing army after 1948 civil war.

After independence, Costa Rica passed through the Central American Federation and declared a republic in 1848. The 19th century saw coffee and bananas drive the economy while maintaining relatively small-holder land ownership. José Figueres, victorious in the 1948 civil war, abolished the military and adopted an education-focused national policy. During the Cold War, Costa Rica mediated in regional conflicts, and President Arias won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987. In the 21st century, it joined the OECD and promotes green economy and ICT sectors.

Geography & climate

Central mountain range traverses the country, condensing diverse terrain including Pacific coast dry forests, Caribbean coast humid lowlands, cloud forests, and highland basins.

Mix of tropical rainforest, tropical savanna, and mountain climates

Area: North America (Central America) / 51060 km²
Capital: San José
Largest city: San José
Coastal status: Yes
Major lakes: Lake Arenal
Bordering countries: Nicaragua, Panama

Natural resources

Abundant hydropower, Geothermal energy, Volcanic fertile soil, Tropical timber, Rich biodiversity, Tourism resources, Limestone, Minor gold deposits, Fishery resources, Cacao and coffee suitable land

Politics

Government: Republic (Presidential system)

Economy

Currency: Costa Rican Colón (CRC)

GDP (nominal): 64 billion US dollars (2023)

GDP (PPP): 112 billion US dollars (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Spanish

Time zone: Central Standard Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Mestizo/White, Afro-descent (Jamaican), Indigenous Bribri, Indigenous Boruca, Chinese, Other immigrant groups

Life expectancy

80.2 years

Literacy rate

97.8%

National sports

Football, Surfing, Basketball, Volleyball, Sport fishing