Overview of Comoros

Profile

A federal republic consisting of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli. Blessed with rich tropical climate and spice crops, the country has historically experienced coups and political instability, with its economy heavily dependent on agriculture and remittances. High population density and a large youth population are distinctive features. The majority of citizens are Muslim, and three official languages are Comorian, Arabic, and French. Pristine nature including active volcano Mount Karthala and Mohéli Marine Park attracts attention for ecotourism potential.

Official name: Union of the Comoros
Common name: Comoros
Numeric code: 174
Alpha-3 code: COM
Alpha-2 code: KM
Population: 860,000 (2023)
Population density: Approx. 440
Primary languages: Comorian, Arabic, French
Major religions: Islam (predominantly Sunni)
National anthem: Udzima wa ya Masiwa (Unity of the Great Islands)
Calling code: +269
Internet TLD: .km

History

After independence from France in 1975, underwent coups and separatist movements, establishing the 'Union of the Comoros' in 2001.

Gained independence in 1975 while inheriting the spice plantation economy from French colonial times. Immediately after independence, suffered from repeated coups involving white mercenaries. In the 1990s, Anjouan and Mohéli declared independence, bringing the nation to the brink of disintegration, but the 2001 Fomboni Agreement adopted a new constitution centered on rotating presidency. Constitutional reforms in 2009 and 2018 advanced centralization, and the country is transitioning to a relatively stable political system.

Geography & climate

All islands of volcanic origin, with steep mountains, black lava plateaus, white sand beaches, and coral reefs.

Tropical savanna climate (distinct rainy and dry seasons)

Area: Africa / 1862 km²
Capital: Moroni
Largest city: Moroni
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Fertile volcanic soil, Ylang-ylang, Clove, Vanilla, Marine biodiversity, Tourism resources, Potential geothermal energy, Tropical forests, Fishery resources (tuna, etc.), Groundwater aquifers

Politics

Government: Presidential republic (federal system)

Economy

Currency: Comorian Franc (KMF)

GDP (nominal): 1.36 Billion US Dollars (2023)

GDP (PPP): 4.60 Billion US Dollars (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Comorian, Arabic, French

Time zone: East Africa Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Comorian, Arab, Bantu, Malagasy, Indian, Small European minority

Life expectancy

65.2 years

Literacy rate

77.8%

National sports

Soccer, Basketball, Volleyball, Athletics, Traditional wrestling Ngoma