Overview of Cook Islands

Profile

The Cook Islands belong to the Polynesian cultural sphere and are characterized by crystal-clear lagoons and lush volcanic islands. While exercising independent administrative and legislative authority, New Zealand maintains ultimate responsibility for defense and foreign affairs under a special arrangement. Tourism and black pearl farming are the main industries, and the tranquil atoll waters and traditional dance are hailed as "the last paradise." Despite a small population, the islands possess a vast exclusive economic zone and actively engage in marine resource conservation. English and Maori are used concurrently, and islanders are known for their warm hospitality.

Official name: Cook Islands
Common name: Cook Islands
Numeric code: 184
Alpha-3 code: COK
Alpha-2 code: CK
Population: Approximately 17,000 (2024)
Population density: approximately 73
Primary languages: English, Cook Islands Maori
Major religions: Christianity (Cook Islands Christian Church, Catholic, etc.)
National anthem: Te Atua Mou E
Calling code: +682
Internet TLD: .ck

History

James Cook arrived in 1773, and the islands gained self-governance in 1965, becoming a freely associated state.

Polynesians had settled for over a thousand years before European arrivals in the late 18th century. The islands became a British protectorate in 1888 and were administered by New Zealand from 1901. Following post-war autonomy movements, a referendum in 1965 chose "self-government in internal affairs through free association," establishing the Cook Islands government. A 1973 joint declaration expanded powers over external relations, and many countries established diplomatic ties in the 21st century. Today, the islands participate in international organizations, balancing preservation of traditional culture with modernization.

Geography & climate

Southern islands are steep volcanic islands, northern islands are low-lying coral atolls surrounding lagoons in typical Polynesian landscape.

Tropical oceanic climate

Area: Oceania / 236 km²
Capital: Avarua
Largest city: Avarua
Coastal status: Yes

Natural resources

Fish resources, Black-lip pearl oysters, Copra, Tropical fruits, Tourism resources, Bananas, Papayas, Sugarcane, Coral reefs, Wind energy

Politics

Government: Constitutional monarchy (in free association with New Zealand)

Economy

Currency: New Zealand Dollar (NZD)

GDP (nominal): 0.36 billion US dollars (2022)

GDP (PPP): 0.49 billion international dollars (2022)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: English, Cook Islands Maori

Time zone: Cook Islands Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Cook Islands Maori, Mixed Polynesian, European, Asian minority, Other

Life expectancy

77.0 years

Literacy rate

99%

National sports

Rugby League, Cricket, Outrigger Canoe, Football, Netball