Overview of Albania

Profile

Albania's mountainous terrain covers approximately 70% of the country, with Albanian—a language originating from ancient Illyrian—serving as the official language. The long Ottoman Empire rule left a strong Islamic cultural influence, which coexists harmoniously with Christian traditions, characterized by high secularism. After experiencing rapid democratization and market liberalization in the 1990s, Albania is currently pursuing institutional reforms toward EU membership. The beautiful coastline known as the "Albanian Riviera" and UNESCO World Heritage sites including the ancient cities of Berat and Butrint are attracting attention as tourist attractions. In recent years, IT services and outsourcing industries have also been developing.

Official name: Republic of Albania
Common name: Albania
Numeric code: 008
Alpha-3 code: ALB
Alpha-2 code: AL
Population: Approximately 2.8 million (2023)
Population density: Approximately 100 people/km²
Primary languages: Albanian
Major religions: Islam (Sunni and Bektashi), Christianity (Orthodox and Catholic), Non-religious
National anthem: Himni i Flamurit (Hymn to the Flag)
Calling code: +355
Internet TLD: .al

History

Declared independence in 1912, underwent an isolated socialist regime after World War II, and democratized in 1991.

After enduring rule by ancient Illyria, Rome, and Byzantium, Albania was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. Following a national awakening movement in the late 19th century, it gained independence in 1912. After World War II, the socialist regime led by Enver Hoxha declared an isolation policy and "atheist state," remaining isolated for an extended period. Following Hoxha's death in 1985 and the wave of Eastern European democratization, Albania transitioned to a republic in 1991. After overcoming the turmoil caused by the 1997 pyramid scheme collapse, Albania joined NATO in 2009, and the official decision to start EU accession negotiations was made in 2020.

Geography & climate

Composed of western coastal plains and the Dinaric Alps in the east and north, with numerous valleys and karst formations.

Mediterranean climate (continental in inland highlands)

Area: Europe / 28748 km²
Capital: Tirana
Largest city: Tirana
Coastal status: Yes
Major lakes: Lake Skadar, Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa
Bordering countries: Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Greece

Natural resources

Hydropower resources, Chromium ore, Copper, Nickel, Oil, Natural gas, Lignite, Limestone, Forests, Abundant groundwater, Natural asphalt, Marble, Valley landscapes, Fertile alluvial soil, Fishing resources, Medicinal herbs

Politics

Government: Parliamentary republic

Economy

Currency: Lek (ALL)

GDP (nominal): 18.3 billion USD (2023)

GDP (PPP): 53.5 billion USD (2023)

Language & timezone

Primary languages: Albanian

Time zone: Central European Time

Culture & customs

Ethnic groups

Albanians, Greeks, Roma, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Aromanians, Bosniaks, Serbs

Life expectancy

78.2 years

Literacy rate

98.7%

National sports

Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Futsal, Weightlifting